# 5. IPv4

* IPv4 Addressing
  * 32 bits
    * a.b.c.d    //decimal
    * Network
    * host
  * Types of addresses
    * Network
    * Host&#x20;
    * Broadcast
  * Network = IP AND SubnetMask
  * Category
    * Private
      * 10.0.0.0/8
      * 172.16.0.0/12
      * 192.168.0.0/16
    * Public
  * loopback address
    * 127.0.0.1
  * link-local address
    * 169.254.0.0/16&#x20;
  * Classful
    * A, B, C
    * D - Multicast
  * Classless
    * IP + Subnet Mask
  * Internet Service Provider (ISP)
  * ping
    * ICMP Echo Request
    * Echo Reply
  * Traceroute (tracert)
* Subnetting
  * divide network to smaller networks
  * network bit = 32 - host bit
  * Number of usable host = 2^hostbit - 2  &#x20;
  * Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

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