6. IPv6

• IPv6

  • 128 bits

  • X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X (X-hexa)

  • Each X - xxxx (x-binary)

  • prefix (64) + interface ID (64)

  • :: omit zero

• Delivery

  • Unicast

  • Multicast

  • Anycast

• Type

  • Global unicast

    • prefix

      • /48 global routing

      • /16 subnet

    • interface id

      • /64

        • random

        • generate

        • EUI-64

  • Link Local Address

    • FE80::/10

      • Not routable

    • Loopback

      • ::1

    • Unspecified address

      • ::/128

    • Unique local

      • FC00::/7 to FDFF::/7

    • Multicast

      • FF02::1 All-nodes multicast

      • FF02::2 All-routers multicast

      • FF02::1:FF + (24 bits interface id)

• Stateless Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC)

  • to obtain prefix, prefix length, and default gateway

  • each host send router solicitation (RS) to router

  • router respond with router advertisement (RA)

  • to enable (ipv6 unicast-routing)

• Interface ID

  • manually

  • random

    • Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)

      • host send network solicitation to all (multicast - 24 bits)

        • if another device reply network advertisement, the interface id

          cannot be used

        • if no reply, the interface id is unique

  • EUI-64

    https://eui64-calc.princelle.org/

    • 48-bit MAC

    • insert FFFE in the middle

    • Swap bit 7th

• Address Resolution Protocol

  • host send NS

  • node reply NA which contains MAC address

• IPv4 to IPv6 Migration

  • Dual Stack

    • both IPv4 & IPv6

  • Tunneling

    • IPv6 encapsulate in IPv4 packet

  • Translation

主机A 的以太网MAC 地址是 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C。首先，通过在第三个和第四个字节之间插入 FF-FE 将其转换为 EUI-64 格式，其结果是 00-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C。然后，对 U/L 位（第一个字节中的第七位）求反。第一个字节的二进制形式为 00000000。将第七位求反后，变为 00000010 (0x02)。最后的结果是 02-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C，当转换为冒号十六进制符号时，成为接口标识 2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C。结果是，对应于 MAC 地址 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C 的网络适配器的链接本地地址是 FE80::2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C